War-scarred Sri Lankan Tamils see hope in election
Sep 21, 2013, 1:55 PM
JAFFNA, Sri Lanka (AP) – Ethnic Tamils in Sri Lanka’s war-ravaged north voted Saturday to form their first functioning provincial government, hoping it is the first step toward wider regional autonomy and a cornerstone to prevent another cycle of violence.
Tamils fought for self-rule for more than six decades after the country gained independence, first through a peaceful struggle and then a bloody civil war, but failed.
However, Saturday’s elections are expected to give them a limited say in their own affairs _ a taste of democracy after decades under rebel or military control.
Polls closed Saturday evening, and results are expected by Sunday afternoon. No major violence was reported, but election monitors reported that army soldiers and pro-government party members stood near polling stations and threatened voters.
The elections are seen by the United Nations and the world community as a crucial test of reconciliation between the Tamils and the majority ethnic Sinhalese, who control Sri Lanka’s government and military.
“Our political problems must be resolved, another generation must not be destroyed,” Rasathurai Balasubramanium, a 56-year-old mason, said after voting in his village, Thavadi.
“We believe that there is a … (slice) of democracy and law and order is still available in this country,” said Gunaratman Manoharan, a 52-year-old businessman who traveled from the capital, Colombo, to vote.
The country’s ethnic divisions widened with the quarter-century civil war that ended in 2009 when government troops crushed the Tamil Tiger rebels, who were fighting to create an independent state.
At least 80,000 people were killed in the war, and northern cities, including many on the Jaffna peninsula, were reduced to rubble.
The Tamil National Alliance, considered a political proxy for the Tamil rebels during the conflict, was favored to win the elections and fielded a former Supreme Court Justice, C.V. Wigneswaran, as its chief candidate.
More than 700,000 voters were registered to elect 36 members to the provincial council, though voter turnout was not immediately known.
The provincial council, however, will not have much power. A governor appointed by the central government retains almost all of the control, and Wigneswaran says that if elected, his party would lobby for wider self-rule based on federalism.
The central government is against devolving such wide powers and says even existing powers in provincial hands, such as those over land and policing, are a threat to the country. It hopes to win over Tamils by rebuilding roads, schools, hospitals and other infrastructure destroyed in the war.
But residents say the army is taking over large swaths of private land to build camps and even businesses such as hotels, and bringing in Sinhalese people to change the province’s ethnic breakdown.
Angajan Ramanathan, a 30-year-old businessman and the leading candidate for President Mahinda Rajapaksa’s Sri Lanka Freedom Party, says working close to the government will bring more benefits to the war-hit community.
Election campaigning had been marked by sporadic attacks and threats, mainly against Tamil Alliance supporters.
In the latest incident, an election monitor said soldiers armed with clubs attacked supporters of Tamil Alliance candidate Ananthi Sasitharan at the candidate’s home late Thursday, wounding eight people. Sasitharan, the wife of a former Tamil Tiger rebel leader, escaped unharmed.
On Saturday, fake copies of a newspaper supportive of the TNA was circulated in parts of Jaffna saying the party had withdrawn from the elections, in what appeared to be an effort to confuse voters.
As voting closed, anxious residents in the fishing village of Kurunagar gathered at a polling station to make sure ballot boxes were safely dispatched to the counting centers.
Several voters whom The Associated Press tried to interview were afraid to talk, fearing the army would visit their homes and question them.
Tamils have been demanding regional autonomy to the country’s north and east, where they are the majority, since Sri Lanka became independent from Britain in 1948. The campaign took the form of nonviolent protests for many years, but in 1983 civil war broke out between government forces and armed Tamil groups calling for full independence.
The provincial council was created in 1987 as an alternative to separation. But the Tigers _ the strongest of the rebel groups, and eventually the de facto government across much of the north and east _ rejected it as inadequate. The fighting that followed prevented the council from functioning.
The military defeat of the Tigers meant Tamils were back to where they had started 60 years earlier, with no tangible achievement, tens of thousands of deaths and losing another million who fled the country as refugees.
The United Nations has called on Sri Lanka repeatedly to more thoroughly investigate war crimes allegedly committed by both sides. A U.N. report has indicated Sri Lankan troops may have killed as many as 40,000 Tamil civilians in the final months of the conflict. The Tigers are also accused of killing civilians, holding them as human shields and recruiting child soldiers.
The U.N. estimates that 80,000 to 100,000 people died in the conflict, but the number is feared to be much higher. Few outsiders had any access to combat zones in the bloody final phase of the war.
The Tamil Alliance has said if it wins control of the provincial government, it also will push for an international war crimes investigation.
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